Tycho Brahé, with the 1588 publication of De Mundi Ætherei Recentioribus Phænomenis amongst other works, started to dispell the notion of celestial spheres. He was, however, a heliocentrist. And yet Kepler founded his Third Law, helping further to dispell the Aristotelian view of the world, on the findings of Brahé. Descartes' Principia Philosophiæ of 1644, with its vortices, is at odds with Newton et al., but was accepted for a long time as standard.
I'm enjoying that Trithemius' Steganographia (1606) is heralded by cryptographers as a cryptographic tome that is really about angel magic, and by scholars of the occult as a treatise on angel magic that is really about cryptography. It'd be nice if someone translated it to English and put it online so that it would be easier for the casual observer to make up their own mind.
The title of this post is, incidentally, from King Lear I.I. Oh, and also, a stone is doubtfully said to have fallen into a boat in Copinsay, Orkney in 1676, but whether it was a meteorite or the imagination is hard now to tell.